Governments choose both the progressivity of the tax system and the amount of public debt in circulation. How should the two be set together? I study the optimal mix of debt and progressivity in heterogeneous-agent incomplete-markets economies, solving for both the long-run optimum and the transition towards it. In the long run, I find that planners with stronger preferences for redistribution choose more progressive tax systems but lower levels of public debt. This is driven by an interest rate channel: redistributive taxation reduces the demand for safe assets and lowers the premium on public debt, making government borrowing more expensive. The same premium also shapes the transition. The planner issues debt while the premium is high, frontloads redistribution, and then raises taxes as debt accumulates and the premium falls.